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cultural, social, personality, and organism subsystems in relationships of mutual exchange. One of Parsons’ main ideas is the invariability of the set of functional problems, which always involves adaptation, goal attainment, integration, pattern-maintenance, and tension-management. The solutions to these functional problems is provided by specialized subsystems. Parsonian concepts have significantly influenced American sociology, including empirical research. His major works: Family Socialization and Interaction Process, Toward a General Theory of Action, The Social System, The Structure of Social Action, Economy and Society, Social Structure and Personality, Societies: Evolutionary and Comparative Perspectives, Sociological Theory and Modern Society. Pathway plan – the pathway plan is completed as part of the leaving care process for each young person and includes any actions that have to be carried out by the responsible authority, foster carer, the young person themselves and any others involved. Paul Gerhard Natorp (1854–1924) – a German philosopher and educationalist, considered one of the co-founders of the Marburg school of neo-Kantianism. He was known as an authority on Plato. In 1893 he became ordinary professor in philosophy and pedagogics at Marburg University. Natorp was as well an ambitious composer, who wrote chiefly chamber music (including a cello sonata, a violin sonata, and a piano trio). He also wrote some 100 songs and two choral works. He conducted a correspondence with Johannes Brahms, who dissuaded him from becoming a professional composer. His students included the philosopher and historian Ernst Cassirer, and the author of Doctor Zhivago, Boris Pasternak. Pedagogical diagnosis – determination of the temper and quality of students’ abilities, the difficulties tested by them in study, deviations in behavior. It is based on the data of students’ development according to academic programs, supervision over their training, activity, studying of its results, etc. Pedagogical innovation – the purposeful change in educational environment new elements (innovations), improving characteristics of separate parts, components of the educational system as a whole. All kinds of activity areclassified into pedagogical, providing pedagogical process, administrative; radical (based on essentially new ideas and approaches), combinatory (a new combination of known elements) and modifying (improving and 58